{
  "format": "marches-project",
  "version": 1,
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    "text": "name,latitude,longitude,date,notes,source\n\"Caffa\",\"45.03\",\"35.38\",\"1346\",\"Present-day Feodosia. Plague was present in 1346. This selected network begins here; the pandemic did not.\",\"Bianucci et al. (2017), The origin and early spread of the Black Death in Italy. Anthropological Science 125(1). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ase/125/1/125_161011/_html/-char/en\"\n\"Constantinople\",\"41.01\",\"28.98\",\"1347\",\"Present-day Istanbul. Plague was present by spring 1347.\",\"Bianucci et al. (2017), The origin and early spread of the Black Death in Italy. Anthropological Science 125(1). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ase/125/1/125_161011/_html/-char/en\"\n\"Messina\",\"38.19\",\"15.55\",\"1347\",\"Outbreak in 1347; published chronologies differ on the month.\",\"Bianucci et al. (2017), The origin and early spread of the Black Death in Italy. Anthropological Science 125(1). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ase/125/1/125_161011/_html/-char/en\"\n\"Genoa\",\"44.41\",\"8.93\",\"1347\",\"1347 follows Bianucci et al.’s reconstruction. Some chronologies use 1348.\",\"Bianucci et al. (2017), The origin and early spread of the Black Death in Italy. Anthropological Science 125(1). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ase/125/1/125_161011/_html/-char/en\"\n\"Marseille\",\"43.3\",\"5.37\",\"1347\",\"Outbreak by late 1347.\",\"Bianucci et al. (2017), The origin and early spread of the Black Death in Italy. Anthropological Science 125(1). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ase/125/1/125_161011/_html/-char/en\"\n\"Venice\",\"45.44\",\"12.34\",\"1348\",\"Recorded outbreak in 1348, following the return of grain ships in late 1347.\",\"Bauch & Büntgen (2025), Climate-driven changes in Mediterranean grain trade mitigated famine but introduced the Black Death to medieval Europe. Communications Earth & Environment 6, 986. https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-025-02964-0\"\n",
    "fileName": "black-death-1346-1348.csv",
    "mapping": {
      "name": 0,
      "lat": 1,
      "lng": 2,
      "date": 3,
      "source": 5,
      "notes": 4,
      "category": -1
    }
  },
  "routes": [
    {
      "id": "plague-connection-1",
      "name": "Caffa → Constantinople",
      "stops": [
        {
          "placeId": "row-2",
          "name": "Caffa"
        },
        {
          "placeId": "row-3",
          "name": "Constantinople"
        }
      ],
      "waypoints": [
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          ],
          [
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          ],
          [
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          ],
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          ],
          [
            29.112,
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          ],
          [
            29.096,
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          ],
          [
            29.069,
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          ],
          [
            29.064,
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          ],
          [
            29.078,
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          ],
          [
            29.069,
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          ],
          [
            29.06,
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          ],
          [
            29.05,
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          ],
          [
            29.024,
            41.05
          ],
          [
            29,
            41.03
          ],
          [
            29.005,
            41.005
          ]
        ]
      ],
      "smooth": true,
      "color": "#b76a39",
      "arrows": true,
      "lineWidth": 1.15,
      "from": "1347",
      "to": "",
      "certainty": "conjectural",
      "source": "Proposed sea connection. Intermediate calls omitted. Bends guide the illustrative line through waterways on a modern base map; they are not documented ship tracks or additional calls. Bianucci et al. (2017), The origin and early spread of the Black Death in Italy. Anthropological Science 125(1). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ase/125/1/125_161011/_html/-char/en",
      "provenance": {
        "origin": "user-created",
        "license": "user data",
        "created": "2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "plague-connection-2",
      "name": "Caffa → Messina",
      "stops": [
        {
          "placeId": "row-2",
          "name": "Caffa"
        },
        {
          "placeId": "row-4",
          "name": "Messina"
        }
      ],
      "waypoints": [
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          [
            35.6,
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          ],
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          ],
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            29.2,
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            29.135,
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            29.112,
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          ],
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            29.096,
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          ],
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            29.069,
            41.17
          ],
          [
            29.064,
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          ],
          [
            29.078,
            41.13
          ],
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            29.069,
            41.11
          ],
          [
            29.06,
            41.09
          ],
          [
            29.05,
            41.07
          ],
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            29.024,
            41.05
          ],
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            29,
            41.03
          ],
          [
            29.005,
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          ],
          [
            28.97,
            40.97
          ],
          [
            27.8,
            40.7
          ],
          [
            27.25,
            40.52
          ],
          [
            26.85,
            40.46
          ],
          [
            26.68,
            40.4
          ],
          [
            26.646,
            40.36
          ],
          [
            26.6,
            40.32
          ],
          [
            26.53,
            40.28
          ],
          [
            26.487,
            40.24
          ],
          [
            26.39,
            40.2
          ],
          [
            26.387,
            40.16
          ],
          [
            26.358,
            40.12
          ],
          [
            26.31,
            40.08
          ],
          [
            26.24,
            40.04
          ],
          [
            26.16,
            40
          ],
          [
            26.1,
            39.95
          ],
          [
            25.7,
            39.8
          ],
          [
            24.85,
            38.2
          ],
          [
            24.55,
            37.95
          ],
          [
            24.15,
            37.8
          ],
          [
            23.95,
            37.4
          ],
          [
            24.05,
            37.1
          ],
          [
            23.25,
            36.35
          ],
          [
            23.25,
            35.9
          ],
          [
            22.4,
            35.8
          ],
          [
            21.3,
            36.25
          ],
          [
            18,
            37
          ],
          [
            15.58,
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          ],
          [
            15.6,
            38.08
          ],
          [
            15.62,
            38.18
          ]
        ]
      ],
      "smooth": true,
      "color": "#b76a39",
      "arrows": true,
      "lineWidth": 1.15,
      "from": "1347",
      "to": "",
      "certainty": "conjectural",
      "source": "Summary of a reconstructed voyage; intermediate calls omitted. Bends guide the illustrative line through waterways on a modern base map; they are not documented ship tracks or additional calls. Bianucci et al. (2017), The origin and early spread of the Black Death in Italy. Anthropological Science 125(1). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ase/125/1/125_161011/_html/-char/en",
      "provenance": {
        "origin": "user-created",
        "license": "user data",
        "created": "2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "plague-connection-3",
      "name": "Caffa → Venice",
      "stops": [
        {
          "placeId": "row-2",
          "name": "Caffa"
        },
        {
          "placeId": "row-7",
          "name": "Venice"
        }
      ],
      "waypoints": [
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            35.6,
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          ],
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            32.8,
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          ],
          [
            29.2,
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            29.135,
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          ],
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          ],
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            29.096,
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          ],
          [
            29.069,
            41.17
          ],
          [
            29.064,
            41.15
          ],
          [
            29.078,
            41.13
          ],
          [
            29.069,
            41.11
          ],
          [
            29.06,
            41.09
          ],
          [
            29.05,
            41.07
          ],
          [
            29.024,
            41.05
          ],
          [
            29,
            41.03
          ],
          [
            29.005,
            41.005
          ],
          [
            28.97,
            40.97
          ],
          [
            27.8,
            40.7
          ],
          [
            27.25,
            40.52
          ],
          [
            26.85,
            40.46
          ],
          [
            26.68,
            40.4
          ],
          [
            26.646,
            40.36
          ],
          [
            26.6,
            40.32
          ],
          [
            26.53,
            40.28
          ],
          [
            26.487,
            40.24
          ],
          [
            26.39,
            40.2
          ],
          [
            26.387,
            40.16
          ],
          [
            26.358,
            40.12
          ],
          [
            26.31,
            40.08
          ],
          [
            26.24,
            40.04
          ],
          [
            26.16,
            40
          ],
          [
            26.1,
            39.95
          ],
          [
            25.7,
            39.8
          ],
          [
            24.85,
            38.2
          ],
          [
            24.55,
            37.95
          ],
          [
            24.15,
            37.8
          ],
          [
            23.95,
            37.4
          ],
          [
            24.05,
            37.1
          ],
          [
            23.25,
            36.35
          ],
          [
            23.25,
            35.9
          ],
          [
            22.4,
            35.8
          ],
          [
            21.3,
            36.25
          ],
          [
            19.3,
            38.3
          ],
          [
            18.8,
            40
          ],
          [
            17.8,
            41
          ],
          [
            16.3,
            42.5
          ],
          [
            14.1,
            44.25
          ],
          [
            12.7,
            45.2
          ],
          [
            12.42,
            45.43
          ]
        ]
      ],
      "smooth": true,
      "color": "#b76a39",
      "arrows": true,
      "lineWidth": 1.15,
      "from": "1348",
      "to": "",
      "certainty": "conjectural",
      "source": "Black Sea–Venice shipping: fleets returned in 1347. This branch appears with the recorded outbreak in 1348, not the voyage date. Bends guide the illustrative line through waterways on a modern base map; they are not documented ship tracks or additional calls. Bianucci et al. (2017), The origin and early spread of the Black Death in Italy. Anthropological Science 125(1). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ase/125/1/125_161011/_html/-char/en | Bauch & Büntgen (2025), Climate-driven changes in Mediterranean grain trade mitigated famine but introduced the Black Death to medieval Europe. Communications Earth & Environment 6, 986. https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-025-02964-0",
      "provenance": {
        "origin": "user-created",
        "license": "user data",
        "created": "2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "plague-connection-4",
      "name": "Messina → Genoa",
      "stops": [
        {
          "placeId": "row-4",
          "name": "Messina"
        },
        {
          "placeId": "row-5",
          "name": "Genoa"
        }
      ],
      "waypoints": [
        [
          [
            15.65,
            38.24
          ],
          [
            15.7,
            38.29
          ],
          [
            15.66,
            38.35
          ],
          [
            15.55,
            38.4
          ],
          [
            13.2,
            38.4
          ],
          [
            12.35,
            38.15
          ],
          [
            11.9,
            38.1
          ],
          [
            8.7,
            38.65
          ],
          [
            8.1,
            38.9
          ],
          [
            7.9,
            40.5
          ],
          [
            7.95,
            41.4
          ],
          [
            8.05,
            42.9
          ],
          [
            8.97,
            44.3
          ]
        ]
      ],
      "smooth": true,
      "color": "#b76a39",
      "arrows": true,
      "lineWidth": 1.15,
      "from": "1347",
      "to": "",
      "certainty": "conjectural",
      "source": "Summary of a reconstructed return voyage via other ports, including Trapani and Sardinia. Bends guide the illustrative line through waterways on a modern base map; they are not documented ship tracks or additional calls. Bianucci et al. (2017), The origin and early spread of the Black Death in Italy. Anthropological Science 125(1). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ase/125/1/125_161011/_html/-char/en",
      "provenance": {
        "origin": "user-created",
        "license": "user data",
        "created": "2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "plague-connection-5",
      "name": "Genoa → Marseille",
      "stops": [
        {
          "placeId": "row-5",
          "name": "Genoa"
        },
        {
          "placeId": "row-6",
          "name": "Marseille"
        }
      ],
      "waypoints": [
        [
          [
            8.9,
            44.3
          ],
          [
            8,
            43.7
          ],
          [
            7.1,
            43.3
          ],
          [
            6.5,
            42.9
          ],
          [
            5.4,
            43.05
          ],
          [
            5.28,
            43.25
          ]
        ]
      ],
      "smooth": true,
      "color": "#b76a39",
      "arrows": true,
      "lineWidth": 1.15,
      "from": "1347",
      "to": "",
      "certainty": "conjectural",
      "source": "Proposed connection through merchants carrying goods from Genoa. Bends guide the illustrative line through waterways on a modern base map; they are not documented ship tracks or additional calls. Bianucci et al. (2017), The origin and early spread of the Black Death in Italy. Anthropological Science 125(1). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ase/125/1/125_161011/_html/-char/en",
      "provenance": {
        "origin": "user-created",
        "license": "user data",
        "created": "2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z"
      }
    }
  ],
  "borders": [],
  "style": "ensign",
  "appearance": {
    "colors": {},
    "layers": {
      "lakes": false,
      "rivers": false,
      "ranges": false,
      "seaLabels": false
    },
    "labelScale": 0.95,
    "symbolScale": 0.85,
    "lineWeight": 0.65,
    "symbol": "dot"
  },
  "placeStyles": {
    "row-2": {
      "labelPosition": "n"
    },
    "row-3": {
      "labelPosition": "se"
    },
    "row-4": {
      "labelPosition": "e"
    },
    "row-5": {
      "labelPosition": "n"
    },
    "row-6": {
      "labelPosition": "w"
    },
    "row-7": {
      "labelPosition": "ne"
    }
  },
  "showLabels": true,
  "view": {
    "minLng": 0,
    "maxLng": 40,
    "minLat": 30,
    "maxLat": 50
  },
  "time": {
    "on": false,
    "year": 1346
  },
  "sequence": {
    "mode": "custom",
    "from": null,
    "to": null,
    "step": 25,
    "custom": "1346, 1347, 1348",
    "story": "1346: Plague is recorded at Caffa. This map follows selected ports, not the pandemic’s origin or its full extent.\n1347: Genoese and Venetian crews sail between Black Sea and Mediterranean ports. Four more ports in this selection have outbreaks.\n1348: Outbreaks are recorded at all six ports. Dotted arrows show proposed connections, not ship tracks. Points accumulate; they do not show ongoing infection.",
    "seconds": 4,
    "loop": false,
    "animateRoutes": true
  },
  "markChanges": false,
  "timelineStrip": false
}